The reforms undertaken to strengthen the performance of government culminated in the adoption of the outcomes-based approach to planning, performance monitoring and evaluation. The outcomes approach encompasses a focus on results. It seeks to make explicit the relationship between outcomes, outputs, inputs and resources through the application of a clear theory of change and/or a delivery value chain. Our approach emphasises the need to incorporate monitoring and evaluation into the programme design and development process so that performance targets and measures as well as the development of knowledge resources is defined from the outset.